It’s been more than 500 days since Marisa Silveri had a drink.

When the pandemic hit, Silveri, a single mother of two, considered herself a social drinker. But lockdown layered extra home duties on top of heightened anxieties about health, and before long she found herself a little too focused on the first sip of the evening.

“In the beginning of COVID, I definitely was one of those mothers who was like, ‘I can’t wait for a glass of wine,’ after the kids were in bed, because it was so stressful,” she said. “My kids were in virtual school. I was doing a full-time job.”

Silveri, an associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and director of the Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health at McLean Hospital, wasn’t alone. A study by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism showed that alcohol consumption in November 2020 was 39 percent higher than in February 2020, with a 30 percent rise in binge drinking. The institute has also published reports showing that per capita consumption increased 2.9 percent in 2020, the fastest rate since 1968, and that alcohol-related deaths increased 25 percent between 2019 and 2020. In January, researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School estimated that increases in drinking during the COVID crisis will result in 8,000 additional deaths from alcohol-related liver disease, 18,700 cases of liver failure, and 1,000 cases of liver cancer by 2040.

Silveri and other Harvard experts said that though the pandemic appears to be slowly releasing its grip on our daily activities, there’s little sign that its effects on our mental health — and related alcohol consumption — are receding.

“We are scrambling to try to keep the wait times to where they had been prior to COVID,” said Kevin Hill, an associate professor of psychiatry at the Medical School and director of the Division of Addiction Psychiatry at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. “And we’re having a lot of trouble doing that.”

Hill said he’s committed to keeping wait times for those who need medical intervention for drinking and other substance use disorders to five weeks or less. To keep pace with rising demand, he has shifted initial screening for some patients from medical personnel to social workers and increased the number of patients he sees personally.

“We’ve had people who were in a precarious position prior to the pandemic, and some of those people have really struggled,” he said. “I’ve had numerous patients who were doing well prior to the pandemic and the pandemic pushed them over the edge and put them in a difficult position. And we’ve also had a number of people whom we had never seen before and were drinking on their own and had family members and physicians reach out. It is unusual in the sense that among them are some patients who are older and have successfully navigated many of life’s challenges without alcohol. The pandemic arrives and they find themselves drinking in an unhealthy way.”

For some patients, virtual visits were a pandemic-era change that made a difference, said Joji Suzuki, director of the Division of Addiction Psychiatry at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. But for many of the most serious cases, not to mention patients with no access to the internet, the halt to face-to-face treatment was a serious challenge — and threat.

“We saw many patients who have more tenuous connections to technology — whether that’s Wi-Fi or smartphones or phones in general,” Suzuki said. “Those patients had a much more difficult time accessing care, so there was a greater likelihood that they would fall off treatment. For some patients, especially those with more severe ailments, having face-to-face contact was really important. Not having that really had a big impact on top of everything else that we had to go through with COVID.”

While drugs have been developed to counter alcohol-related cravings, they’re not very effective, with a net effect equal to a reduction of one drink per day, Suzuki said. That means that psychosocial support, such as in-person counseling and Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, are critically important.

Early in the pandemic, these face-to-face options “disappeared overnight, which was quite traumatic for a lot of patients,” Suzuki said. “People tried online versions, but it was just not the same. That’s started to change, thankfully.”

Another group on Suzuki’s radar is at-risk drinkers, whose numbers have surged the past two years. This group includes people who were concerned about their drinking before the pandemic and saw it worsen and light or moderate drinkers whose consumption rose during lockdown.

“They don’t meet criteria for alcohol use disorder,” Suzuki said. “So they don’t need detox, they don’t need formal treatment, but clearly they’re drinking above a certain threshold that used to be called the safe drinking limits.”

Those limits are a weekly average of no more than two drinks per day for men and one for women, and no more than five drinks at any one time for men or four for women. Heavier consumption, Suzuki said, carries immediate health risks that go beyond discussions about the long-term effects of moderate drinking.

“We see pretty horrific injuries in people because they fell down the stairs because they were drunk,” Suzuki said. “The acute effects of intoxication due to binge drinking carry huge health consequences.”

At-risk drinkers are an important group to reach, Suzuki said, because they make up a larger cohort than problem drinkers and are significantly easier to help.

“Clearly, at the population level, there are many, many individuals who exceed safe drinking limits, and they’re most responsive to minimal intervention,” Suzuki said. “People who are average drinkers don’t necessarily need to stop. They need to moderate their drinking and monitor it and stay below these thresholds.”